Sustainable Business Model.org

This page offers a dynamically growing collection of SBM literature that meets the two basic criteria defined here. Of course, this list will never be complete. Please help us to make it as comprehensive as possible – share your own research or tell us which references are missing. Just send an e-mail to: fluedeke-freund@escpeurope.eu.

Last update: 24 July 2017

2017

Bidmon, C. & Knab S. (2017): How the concept of the business model can be used to study the role of organizations within transitions, in: Proceedings of the 33th EGOS Colloquium “The Good Organization”, Sub-Theme 26: The Role of Organizations in Sustainability Transitions, 6-8 July 2017, Copenhagen. ResearchGate | Presentation

Breuer, H. & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2017): Values-Based Innovation Management – Innovating by What We Care About. Houndmills: Palgrave.
Book Website 

Breuer, H. & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2017): Values-Based Network and Business Model Innovation, International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 21, No. 3, Art. 1750028 (35 pages).
DOI

Jabłoński, A. (Ed.) (2017): Business Models: Strategies, Impacts and Challenges. New York: Nova Publishers.
Book Website

2016

Abdelkafi, N. & Täuscher, K. (2016): Business Models for Sustainability From a System Dynamics Perspective, Organization & Environment, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 74–96.
DOI

Gauthier, C. & Gilomen, B. (2016): Business Models for Sustainability: Energy Efficiency in Urban Districts, Organization & Environment, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 124-144.
DOI

Huijben, J.; Podoynitsyna, K.; van Rijn, M. & Verbong, G. (2016): A review of governmental support instruments channeling PV market growth in the Flanders region of Belgium (2006–2013), Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 62, pp. 1282–1290.
DOI

Huijben, J.; Verbong, G. & Podoynitsyna, K. (2016): Mainstreaming solar: Stretching the regulatory regime through business model innovation, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, Vol. 20, pp. 1–15.
DOI

Lüdeke-Freund, F.; Massa, L.; Bocken, N.; Brent, A. & Musango, J. (2016): Business Models for Shared Value: Main Report. Network for Business Sustainability South Africa.
Report Website

Randles, S. & Laasch, O. (2016): Theorising the Normative Business Model, Organization & Environment, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 53-73.
DOI

Roome, N. & Louche, C. (2016): Journeying Toward Business Models for Sustainability: A Conceptual Model Found Inside the Black Box of Organisational Transformation, Organization & Environment, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 11-35.
DOI

Schaltegger, S.; Hansen, E. & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2016): Business Models for Sustainability: Origins, Present Research, and Future Avenues, Organization & Environment, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 3-10.
DOI

Schaltegger, S.; Lüdeke-Freund, F. & Hansen, E. (2016): Business Models for Sustainability: A Co-Evolutionary Analysis of Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Transformation, Organization & Environment, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 264–289.
DOI

Upward, A. & Jones, P. (2016): An Ontology for Strongly Sustainable Business Models: Defining an Enterprise Framework Compatible With Natural and Social Science, Organization & Environment, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 97-123.
DOI

Wells, P. (2016): Economies of Scale Versus Small Is Beautiful: A Business Model Approach Based on Architecture, Principles and Components in the Beer Industry, Organization & Environment, Vol. 29, No. 1,pp.  36-52.
DOI

2015

Agafonow, A. & Donaldson, C. (2015): The economic rationale behind the social business model: A research agenda, Social Business, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 5-16.
DOI (€)

Balkema, A. & Romijn, H. (2015): Innovations in Social Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Biofuel Production: The Case of Tanzanian Outgrowers Cultivating Jatropha for the Global Biofuel Chain, in: Bitzer, V.; Hamann, R.; Hall, M. & Griffin-EL, E. W. (Eds.): The Business of Social and Environmental Innovation: New Frontiers in Africa. Cham: Springer, pp. 63-83.
PDF (€) | Book Website

Bocken, N.; Rana, P. & Short, S. (2015): Value mapping for sustainable business thinking, Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 67-81.
DOI (open access)

Brown, M.; Staver, B.; Smith, A. & Sibley, J. (2015): Alternative business models for energy efficiency: Emerging trends in the southeast, The Electricity Journal, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 103-117.
DOI (€)

Carayannis, Elias G.; Sindakis, Stavros; Walter, Christian (02/2015): Business Model Innovation as Lever of Organizational Sustainability, Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 85-104.
DOI

Dohrmann, Susanne; Raith, Matthias; Siebold, Nicole (14.04.2015): Monetizing Social Value Creation – A Business Model Approach, Entrepreneurship Research Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 127-154.
PDF

Dyllick, T.; Muff, K. (2015). Clarifying the Meaning of Sustainable Business: Introducing a Typology from Business-as-Usual to True Business Sustainability. Organization & Environment
PDF

Foxon, T.J.; Bale, C.; Busch, J.; Bush, R.; Hall, S. & Roelich, K. (2015): Low carbon infrastructure investment: extending business models for sustainability, Infrastructure Complexity, Vol. 2, No. 4
DOI (open access)

Gardetti, M.A.; Muthu, S. (2015): Sustainable apparel? Is the innovation in the business model? – The case of IOU Project, Textiles and Clothing Sustainability, Vol. 1, No. 2
DOI

Gelbmann, U. & Hammerl, B. (2015): Integrative re-use systems as innovative business models for devising sustainable product-service-systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 97, pp. 50-60.
DOI (€)

Herrador, M.; Carvalho, A. & Feito, F.R. (2015): An Incentive-Based Solution of Sustainable Mobility for Economic Growth and CO₂ Emissions Reduction, Sustainability, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 6119-6148.
DOI (open access)

Joyce, A.; Paquin, R. & Pigneur, Y. (2015): The triple layered business model canvas: a tool to design more sustainable business models, ARTEM Organizational Creativity International Conference, 26-27 March 2015, Nancy, France.
PDF (academia.edu) | Conference

Melia, M.; Candi, M. & Colurcio, M. (2015): Well-being: a new dimension to address in business models, in: Gummesson, E.; Mele, C. & Polese, F. (Eds.): Proceedings of the 2015 Naples Forum on Service – Service Dominant Logic, Network and Systems Theory and Service Science: Integrating three Perspectives for a New Service Agenda, 9-12 June 2015, Naples, Italy.
PDF

Planing, P. (2015): Business Model Innovation in a Circular Economy Reasons for Non-Acceptance of Circular Business Models, Open Journal of Business Model Innovation, in press
PDF (open access)

Rauter, R.; Jonker, J. & Baumgartner, R. (2015): Going one’s own way: drivers in developing business models for sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, online first 4 May 2015.
DOI (€)

Reim, W.; Parida, V. & Örtqvist, D. (2015): Product–Service Systems (PSS) business models and tactics – a systematic literature review, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 97, pp. 61-75.
DOI (€)

2014

Arora, S.; Romijn, H. & Caniels, M. (2014): Governed by history: Institutional analysis of a contested biofuel innovation system in Tanzania, Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 573-607.
DOI

Benijts, T. (2014): A Business Sustainability Model for Government Corporations. A Belgian Case Study, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 204-216.
DOI

Bidmon, C. & Knab, S. (2014): The Three Roles of Business Models for Socio-Technical Transitions, in: Huizingh, K.; Conn, S.; Torkkeli, M. & Bitran, I. (Eds.): The Proceedings of XXV ISPIM Conference – Innovation for Sustainable Economy and Society, 8-11 June 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
PDF (SSRN) | Link (Conference)

Bocken, N.; Short, S.; Rana, P. & Evans, S. (2014): A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 65, pp. 42-56.
DOI (Open Access)

Bohnsack, R.; Pinkse, J. & Kolk, A. (2014): Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles, Research Policy, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 284-300.
DOI | PDF (Research Gate)

Breuer, H. & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2014): Normative Innovation for Sustainable Business Models in Value Networks, in: Huizingh, K.; Conn, S.; Torkkeli, M. & Bitran, I. (Eds.): The Proceedings of XXV ISPIM Conference – Innovation for Sustainable Economy and Society, 8-11 June 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
Preview (SSRN) | SlideShare | Link (Conference)

Carayannis, E.; Sindakis, S. & Walter, C. (2014): Business Model Innovation as Lever of Organizational Sustainability, The Journal of Technology Transfer, January 2014, pp. 1-20.
DOI

Clinton, L. & Whisnant, R. (2014): Model Behavior – 20 Business Model Innovations for Sustainability. London: SustainAbility.
Link (Project Website) | PDF

Cohen, B.; Kietzmann, J.(2014): Ride On! Mobility Business Models for the Sharing Economy, Organization & Environment, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 279-296
DOI

Diaz Lopez, F.; Becker, J.; Berkers, F.; Eris, B.; Koers, W.; van Vliet, H. & Bastein, T. (2014): New business models that support resource efficiency. POLFREE Deliverable D2.4. European Union & TNO.
PDF

Garcia, R.; Dacko, S. & Claudy, M. (2014): A Business Model Innovation Approach to Sustainable Market Orientation, in: Huizingh, K.; Conn, S.; Torkkeli, M. & Bitran, I. (Eds.): The Proceedings of XXV ISPIM Conference – Innovation for Sustainable Economy and Society, 8-11 June 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
PDF | Link (Conference)

Gaziulusoy, I. & Twomey, P. (2014): Emerging Approaches in Business Model Innovation Relevant to Sustainability and Low-carbon Transitions. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
PDF

Hahn, R. & Spieth, P. (2014): Hybrid Business Models for Sustainability: A Business Model Design Approach, in: Huizingh, K.; Conn, S.; Torkkeli, M. & Bitran, I. (Eds.): The Proceedings of XXV ISPIM Conference – Innovation for Sustainable Economy and Society, 8-11 June 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
Link (Conference)

Høgevold, N.; Svensson, G.; Wagner, B.; Petzer, D.J.; Klopper, H.B.; Varela, J.; Padin, C.; Ferro, C. & Reim, W.: (2014): Sustainable business models : Corporate reasons, economic effects, social boundaries, environmental actions and organizational challenges in sustainable business practices, Baltic Journal of Management, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 357-380.
DOI

Knab, S. & Rohrbeck, R. (2014): Why intended business model  innovation fails  to deliver: insights from a longitudinal study in the German smart energy market, in: Fraunhofer IAO & University of Stuttgart IAT (Eds.): Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference “Connecting High Value Solutions with Future Markets”, 3-6 June 2014, Stuttgart, Germany.
Link (Conference)

Knab, S.; Rohrbeck, R. & Konnertz, L. (2014): Kooperative Geschäftsmodellentwicklung für systemische Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationen: Eine Fallstudie im deutschen Smart Energy-Markt, in: Schallmo, D. (Hrsg.): Kompendium Geschäftsmodell-Innovation: Grundlagen, aktuelle Ansätze und Fallbeispiele zur erfolgreichen Geschäftsmodell-Innovation. Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, S. 283-317.
PDF (€) | Link (Publisher Website)

Laukkanen, M. & Patala, S. (2014): Analysing Barriers to Sustainable Business Model Innovations: Innovation Systems Approach, in: Huizingh, K.; Conn, S.; Torkkeli, M. & Bitran, I. (Eds.): The Proceedings of XXV ISPIM Conference – Innovation for Sustainable Economy and Society, 8-11 June 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
Link (Conference)

Lejeune, A.; Poirier, P.(2014): ‘Green’ Business Model Design: How a Situated Robot Would Help?, ISPIM Americas Innovation Forum: Montreal, Canada (2014)
Link (Conference)

Lizarralde, I.; Tyl, B. & Bonvoisin, J. (2014): Socially Responsible Regions: Localism Business Model to Enhance Eco-Innovation, in: Huizingh, K.; Conn, S.; Torkkeli, M. & Bitran, I. (Eds.): The Proceedings of XXV ISPIM Conference – Innovation for Sustainable Economy and Society, 8-11 June 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
PDF ( Research Gate) | Link (Conference)

Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2014): BP’s Solar Business Model – A Case Study on BP’s Solar Business Case and its Drivers, Int. Journal of Business Environment, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 300-328.
Link (Journal) | PDF (SSRN)

Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2014): Geschäftsmodellinnovation und -evolution am Beispiel BP Solar, in: Schallmo, D. (Hrsg.): Kompendium Geschäftsmodell-Innovation: Grundlagen, aktuelle Ansätze und Fallbeispiele zur erfolgreichen Geschäftsmodell-Innovation. Berlin & Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, S. 257-281.
PDF (€) | Link (Publisher Website)

Maunula, M. (2014): Towards Sustainable Business Models: Wood Industry in South-East Finland, in: Huizingh, K.; Conn, S.; Torkkeli, M. & Bitran, I. (Eds.): The Proceedings of XXV ISPIM Conference – Innovation for Sustainable Economy and Society, 8-11 June 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
Link (Conference)

Reima, W.; Sjödina, D.R.; Paridaa, V.; Perssonc, A.: Functional Product Business Models: A Review of the Literature and Identification of Operational Tactical Practices, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 22, pp. 157-162.
DOI

Roos, G. (2014): Business Model Innovation to Create and Capture Resource Value in Future Circular Material Chains, Resources, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 248-274.
DOI (Open Access)

Seelos, C. (2014): Theorising and Strategising with Models: Generative Models of Social Enterprises, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 6-21.
Link (Journal) | PDF (SSRN)

Sharpe, S. & Agarwal, R. (2014): Strengthening Industrial Ecology’s Links with Business Studies: Insights and Potential Contributions from the Innovation and Business Models Literature, Resources, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 362-382.
DOI (Open Access)

Short, S.; Bocken, N.; Barlow, C. & Chertow, M. (2014): From Refining Sugar to Growing Tomatoes – Industrial Ecology and Business Model Evolution, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 603-618.
DOI

Sinkovics, N.; Sinkovics, R. & Yamin, M. (2014): The role of social value creation in business model formulation at the bottom of the pyramid – Implications for MNEs?, International Business Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 692-707.
DOI

Stubbs, Wendy: (2014): Exploration of an emerging sustainable business model: the B Corp model, Annual Meeting of the International Association for Business & Society (IABS)
PDF

Talonen, T. and Hakkarainen, K. (2014): Elements of sustainable business models, International Journal of Innovation Science, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 43-54.
DOI

The Crowd & Fishburn (2014): The Wisdom of the Crowd: New Business Models. Leading Experts Share Their Views on the Emerging Generation of more Sustainable Business Models. London: The Crowd.
Link (Project Website) | PDF

Wells, Peter; Nieuwenhuis, Paul (28. December 2014): EV Business Models in a Wider Context: Balancing Change and Continuity in the Automotive Industry, Lecture Notes in Mobility, pp. 3-16.
PDF (€)

Zeyen, A.; Beckmann, M. & Akhavan, R. (2014): Social Entrepreneurship Business Models: Managing Innovation for Social and Economic Value Creation, in: Müller, C. & Zinth, C.-P. (Eds.): Managementperspektiven für die Zivilgesellschaft des 21. Jahrhunderts. Wiesbaden: Springer, pp. 107-132.
Link (Publisher Website)

2013

Abdelkafi, N.; Makhotin, S. & Posselt, T. (2013): Business model Innovations for electric Mobility — What can be learned from existing business model patterns?, International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, Art. 1340003 (41 pages).
DOI

Barnabè, F. & Giorgino, M. (2013): “Integrating” Business Model and Strategy, in: Busco, C.; Frigo, M.; Riccaboni, A. & Quattrone, P. (Eds.): Integrated Reporting. Concepts and Cases that Redefine Corporate Accountability. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 111-126.
DOI

Beltramello, A.; Haie-Fayle, L. & Pilat, D. (2013): Why New Business Models Matter for Green Growth. Paris: OECD Publishing.
DOI (OECD Green Growth Papers) | PDF

Bocken, N.; Short, S.; Rana, P. & Evans, S. (2013): A value mapping tool for sustainable business modelling, Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 482-497.
DOI

Bocken, N.; Short, S.; Rana, P. & Evans, S. (2013): The use of business model archetypes to stimulate corporate innovation towards sustainability, 7th International Conference of the International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE), 25‐18 June 2013, University of Ulsan, South-­Korea.
Link (Conference)

Boons, F. & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2013): Business Models for Sustainable Innovation: State-of-the-Art and Steps towards a Research Agenda, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 45, pp. 9-19.
DOI | PDF (SSRN)

Boons, F.; Montalvo, C.; Quist, J. & Wagner, M. (2013): Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 45, pp. 1-8.
DOI

Chun, Y.-Y. & Lee, K.-M. (2013): Life Cycle-Based Generic Business Strategies for Sustainable Business Models, Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 6, No. 8.
DOI (Open Access)

van Drimmelen, Renate (2013): New Business Models for Sustainable Development, Handbook of Sustainable Engineering, pp. 859-879.
PDF

França, C. (2013): Introductory Approach to Business Model Design for Strategic Sustainable Development. Blekinge Institute of Technology Licentiate Dissertion Series, Vol. 8. Karlskrona: Blekinge Institute of Technology.
PDF

Girotra, K. & Netessine, S. (2013): OM Forum – Business Model Innovation for Sustainability, Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 537-544.
DOI | PDF (SSRN)

Hannon, M.; Foxon, T. & Gale, W. (2013): The co-evolutionary relationship between Energy Service Companies and the UK energy system: Implications for a low-carbon transition, Energy Policy, Vol. 61, pp. 1031-1045.
DOI

Huijben, J. & Verbong, G. (2013): Breakthrough without subsidies? PV business model experiments in the Netherlands, Energy Policy, Vol. 56, pp. 362-370.
DOI

IEA-RETD (2013): Business Models for Renewable Energy in the Built Environment. Abingdon: Routledge.
Link (Google Books) | Link (2012 IEA Working Paper)

Iles, A. & Martin, A. (2013): Expanding bioplastics production: sustainable business innovation in the chemical industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 45, pp. 38-49.
DOI

Jolink, A. & Niesten, E. (2013): Sustainable Development and Business Models of Entrepreneurs in the Organic Food Industry, Business Strategy and the Environment, online first 4 December 2013.
DOI

Jonker, J.; Rauter, R. & Baumgartner, R. (2013): Living Apart Together? Business Models and Multiple Value Creation, Corporate Responsibility Research Conference, 12-13 September 2013, University of Graz, Austria.
Abstract

Kolstad, A.: SUSTAINABILITY BUSINESS MODELS: How integrated is sustainability in mainstream business models?, Master thesis, Copenhagen Business School
Link

Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2013): Business Models for Sustainability Innovation – Conceptual Foundations and the Case of Solar Energy. PhD Thesis. Lüneburg: Leuphana University.
Overview + PDF

Lueg, R.; Pedersen, M. & Clemmensen, S. (2013): The Role of Corporate Sustainability in a Low-Cost Business Model – A Case Study in the Scandinavian Fashion Industry, Business Strategy and the Environment, online first 4 December 2013.
DOI

Matos, S. & Silvestre, B. (2013): Managing stakeholder relations when developing sustainable business models: the case of the Brazilian energy sector, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 45, pp. 61-73.
DOI

Pedersen, E.R.G.; Netter, S. (2013): Collaborative Consumption: Business Model Opportunities and Barriers for Fashion Libraries, Frederiksberg: Center for Corporate Social Responsibility, CBS, Working paper
Link

Richter, M. (2013): Business model innovation for sustainable energy: German utilities and renewable energy, Energy Policy, Vol. 62, pp. 1226-1237.
DOI

Richter, M. (2013): German utilities and distributed PV: How to overcome barriers to business model innovation, Renewable Energy, Vol. 55, pp. 456-466.
DOI

Richter, M. (2013): Business model innovation for sustainable energy: how German municipal utilities invest in offshore wind energy, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 63, No. 1/2, pp. 24-50.
DOI

Rohrbeck, R.; Konnertz, L. & Knab, S. (2013): Collaborative business modelling for systemic and sustainability innovations, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 63, No. 1/2, pp. 4-23.
DOI | PDF (SSRN) | SlideShare

Rauter, R.; Gsodam, P.; Nguyen, T.; Stabauer, P. & Baumgartner, R. (2013): New Business Models in Austria – Forerunners in Sustainable Economics. ISIS Reports #4. Graz: University of Graz.
PDF

Short, S.; Rana, P.; Bocken, N. & Evans, S. (2013): Embedding Sustainability in Business Modelling through Multi-stakeholder Value Innovation, in: Emmanouilidis, C.; Taisch, M. & Kiritsis, D. (Eds.): Advances in Production Management Systems. Competitive Manufacturing for Innovative Products and Services. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 175-183.
DOI

Suhonen, N. & Okkonen, L. (2013): The Energy Services Company (ESCo) as business model for heat entrepreneurship-A case study of North Karelia, Finland, Energy Policy, Vol. 61, pp. 783–787.
DOI

Upward, A. (2013): Towards an Ontology and Canvas for Strongly Sustainable Business Models: A Systemic Design Science Exploration. Masters of Environmental Studies / Graduate Diploma in Business + Environment, York University, Faculty of Environmental Studies and Schulich School of Business.
PDF | SlideShare

Weiller, C. & Neely, A. (2013): Business Model Design in an Ecosystem Context. Cambridge Service Alliance Working Paper. Cambridge: University of Cambridge.
PDF

Wells, P. (2013): Sustainable business models and the automotive industry: A commentary, IIMB Management Review, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 228–239.
DOI (Incl. full HTML article version)

Wells, P. (2013): Business Models for Sustainability. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Link

2012

Bisgaard, T.; Henriksen, K. & Bjerre, M. (2012): Green Business Model Innovation – Conceptualisation, Next Practice and Policy. Oslo: Nordic Innovation. [Note: final project report, accompanied by 5 sub-reports, http://www.nordicinnovation.org/Publications/]
PDF

Curtius, H.; Künzel, K. & Loock, M. (2012): Generic customer segments and business models for smart grids, der markt, Vol. 51, No. 2-3, pp. 63-74.
DOI | PDF

Grassl, W. (2012): Business Models of Social Enterprise: A Design Approach to Hybridity, ACRN Journal of Entrepreneurship Perspectives, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 37-60.
PDF

Hall, J. & Wagner, M. (2012): Integrating Sustainability into Firms’ Processes: Performance Effects and the Moderating Role of Business Models and Innovation, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 183-196.
DOI

Hannon, M. (2012): Co-evolution of innovative business models and sustainability transitions: The case of the Energy Service Company (ESCo) model and the UK energy system. PhD Thesis. Leeds: University of Leeds.
PDF

Joller, L. (2012): Eco-Innovation in business models? Theoretical considerations, DRUID Academy Conference, 19-21 January 2012, University of Cambridge, UK.
PDF

Jolly, S.; Raven, R. & Romijn, H. (2012): Upscaling of business model experiments in off-grid PV solar energy in India, Sustainability Science, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 199-212.
PDF (Open Access) | PDF (2011 Conference Paper)

Jonker, J. (2012): New business models – An explorative study of changing transactions creating multiple value(s). Working Paper. Nijmegen: Radboud University.
PDF

Kolk, A. & van den Buuse, D. (2012): In search of viable business models for development: sustainable energy in developing countries, Corporate Governance, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 551-567.
DOI | PDF (SSRN)

Lambert, S.; Carter, A. & Burritt, R. (2012): Recognising commitment to sustainability through the business model. Centre for Accounting, Governance and Sustainability Occasional Working Papers, No. 6. Adelaide: University of South Australia.
PDF

Loock, M. (2012): Going beyond best technology and lowest price: on renewable energy investors’ preference for service-driven business models, Energy Policy, Vol. 40, pp. 21-27.
DOI

Loock, M. & Mueller, S. (2012): Talking about a Better Place: How Shai Agassi is Creating a Mass Market for Electric Vehicles, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 289-313.
DOI

Mair, J.; Battilana, J. & Cardenas, J. (2012): Organizing for Society: A Typology of Social Entrepreneuring Models, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 353-373.
DOI

Michelini, L. (2012): Social Innovation and New Business Models. Creating Shared Value in Low-Income Markets. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
DOI

Palzkill-Vorbeck, A. (2012): Business model resilience in the context of corporate sustainability transformation, in: Technical University of Denmark (Ed.): Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Sustainability Transitions (Track G), 29-31 August 2012, Lyngby, Denmark. Lyngby: Technical University of Denmark, pp. 47-62.
PDF

Richter, M. (2012): Utilities’ business models for renewable energy: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, No. 5, 2483-2493.
DOI

Schaltegger, S.; Lüdeke-Freund, F. & Hansen, E. (2012): Business Cases for Sustainability: The Role of Business Model Innovation for Corporate Sustainability, Int. Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 95-119.
DOI | PDF (SSRN)

Short, S.; Bocken, N.; Rana, P. & Evans, S. (2012): Business model innovation for embedding sustainability: a practice-based approach introducing business model archetypes, 10th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing (GCSM): Towards Implementing Sustainable Manufacturing, 31 October to 2 November 2012, Istanbul, Turkey.
Link (Conference Website)

Sommer, A. (2012): Managing green business model transformations. Sustainable production, life cycle engineering and management. Heidelberg/Lüneburg: Springer.
Link

Vastbinder, B.; Kroesen, O.; Blom, E. & Ortt, R. (2012): Business, but not as usual – Entrepreneurship and sustainable development in low-income economies, in: Wagner, M. (Ed.): Entrepreneurship, innovation and sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, pp. 189-213.
DOI

Verhulst, E. & Boks, C. (2012): Sustainable design strategies in practice and their influence on business models, in: Matsumoto, M.; Umeda, Y.; Masui, K. & Fukushige, S. (Eds.): Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society. Proceedings of EcoDesign 2011: 7th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 413-418.
Link

Verhulst, E. & Boks, C. (2012): The role of human factors in the adoption of sustainable design criteria in business: evidence from Belgian and Dutch case studies, Int. Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 146-163.
DOI

Verhulst, E.; Dewit, I. & Boks, C. (2012): Implementation of sustainable innovations and business models, in: Wagner, M. (Ed.): Entrepreneurship, innovation and sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, pp. 32-66.
DOI

2011

Svensson, G. & Wagner, B. (2011): Transformative business sustainability: Multi‐layer model and network of e‐footprint sources, European Business Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 334-352.
DOI

Arevalo, J; Castelló, I.; de Colle, S.; Lenssen, G.; Neumann, K. & Zollo, M. (2011): Introduction to the special issue: integrating sustainability in business models, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 941-954.
DOI

Bertens, C. & Statema, H. (2011): Business models of eco-innovations. An explorative study into the value network of the business models of eco-innovations and some Dutch case studies. Zoetermeer: EIM.
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Colby, C. (2011): The relationship between product design and business models in the context of sustainability, Master thesis, University of Montreal
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Cooney, K. (2011): An Exploratory Study of Social Purpose Business Models in the United States, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 185-196.
DOI

Eyring, M.; Johnson, M. & Nair, H. (2011): New Business Models In Emerging Markets, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 89, No. 1/2, pp. 89-95.
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Hannon, M.; Foxon, T. & Gale, W. (2011): The Role of Alternative Business Models in Socio-Technical Transitions – The Case of Energy Service Companies (ESCos) and the UK Energy System, 2nd International Conference on Sustainability Transitions, 13-15 June 2011, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Jupesta, J., Harayama, Y. and Parayil, G. (2011): Sustainable business model for biofuel industries in Indonesia, Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 231-247.
DOI | PDF

Konnertz, L.; Rohrbeck, R. & Knab, S. (2011): How Collaborative Business Modeling Can Be Used to Jointly Explore Sustainability Innovations, in: The Proceedings of XXII ISPIM Conference – Sustainability in Innovation: Innovation Management Challenges, 12-15 June 2011, Hamburg, Germany.
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Loock, M. (2011): How do Business Models Impact Financial Performance of Renewable Energy Firms?, in: Wüstenhagen, R. & Wuebker, R. (Eds.): Handbook of research on energy entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., pp. 229-248.
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Lüdeke-Freund, F. & Loock, M. (2011): Debt for brands: tracking down a bias in financing photovoltaic projects in Germany, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 19, No. 12, 1356–1364.
DOI | PDF (SSRN)

Lüdeke-Freund, F. & Loock, M. (2011): What Kinds of Photovoltaic Projects Do Lenders Prefer to Finance?, in: Marcus, A.; Shrivastava, P.; Sharma, S. & Pogutz, S. (Eds.): Cross-sector leadership for the green economy. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 107-124.
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Meenakshisundaram, R. & Shankar, B. (2011): Business Model Innovation by Better Place: A Green Ecosystem for the Mass Adoption of Electric Cars, in: Hamschmidt, J. & Pirson, M. (Eds.): Case studies in social entrepreneurship and sustainability. The oikos collection. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, pp. 292-316.
Link (Publisher Website) | PDF (oikos Case Competition)

Osterwalder, A. & Pigneur, Y. (2011): Aligning Profit and Purpose Through Business Model Innovation, in: Palazzo, G. & Wentland, M. (Eds.): Responsible management practices for the 21st century. Paris: Pearson, pp. 61-76.
Link (Book Website) | PDF

Schoettl, J. & Lehmann-Ortega, L. (2011): Photovoltaic business models: threat or opportunity for utilities?, in: Wüstenhagen, R. & Wuebker, R. (Eds.): Handbook of research on energy entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., pp. 145-171.
Link

Statema, H. (2011): Business models in Eco-Innovations. An explorative study. Master thesis. Rotterdam: Erasmus University.
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2010

Dahan, N.; Doh, J.; Oetzel, J. & Yaziji, M. (2010): Corporate-NGO Collaboration: Co-creating New Business Models for Developing Markets, Long Range Planning, Vol. 43, No. 2-3, Sp. Iss. SI, pp. 326-342.
DOI | PDF

Lee, K. & Casalegno, F. (2010): An Explorative Study for Business Models for Sustainability, in: PACIS 2010 Proceedings, Paper 47, pp. 422-432.
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Loock, M. (2010): Business Models for Renewable Energy: Determinants of Financial Performance and Investment Decisions. Dissertation No. 3833. St. Gallen: University of St. Gallen.
Link | Content

Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2010): Towards a Conceptual Framework of Business Models for Sustainability, in: Wever, R.; Quist, J.; Tukker, A.; Woudstra, J.; Boons, F. & Beute, N. (Eds.): Knowledge Collaboration and Learning for Sustainable Innovation, ERSCP-EMSU Conference, 25-29 October 2010, Delft, The Netherlands. Delft: Delft University of Technology.
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Lüdeke-Freund, F. & Loock, M. (2010): Determinants of Credit Allocation for Photovoltaic Projects: Research Outline and Preliminary Findings from Conjoint Experiments with German Financing Experts. Lüneburg: Centre for Sustainability Management (CSM).
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Okkonen, L. & Suhonen, N. (2010): Business models of heat entrepreneurship in Finland, Energy Policy, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 3443–3452.
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Sánchez, P. & Ricart, J. (2010): Business model innovation and sources of value creation in low-income markets, European Management Review, Vol. 7, No. 7, pp. 138-154.
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Seelos, C. (2010): Theorizing and Strategizing with Models: Generative Models of Business Models. IESE Working Paper, No. 857. Barcelona: IESE Business School of Navarra.
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Seelos, C. & Mair, J. (2010): Organizational Mechanisms of Inclusive Growth: A Critical Realist Perspective on Scaling. IESE Working Paper, No. 840. Barcelona: IESE Business School of Navarra.
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Seelos, C.; Mair, J.; Battilana, J. & Dacin, T. (2010): The Embeddedness of Social Entrepreneurship: Understanding Variation Across Local Communities. IESE Working Paper, No. 858. Barcelona: IESE Business School of Navarra.
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Thompson, J. & MacMillan, I. (2010): Business Models: Creating New Markets and Societal Wealth, Long Range Planning, Vol. 43, No. 2-3, Sp. Iss. SI, pp. 291-307.
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Yunus, M.; Moingeon, B. & Lehmann-Ortega, L. (2010): Building Social Business Models: Lessons from the Grameen Experience, Long Range Planning, Vol. 43, No. 2-3, Sp. Iss. SI, pp. 308-325.
DOI | PDF

2009

Birkin, F.; Cashman, A.; Koh, S. & Liu, Z. (2009): New sustainable business models in China, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 64-77.
DOI

Birkin, F.; Polesie, T. & Lewis, L. (2009): A new business model for sustainable development: an exploratory study using the theory of constraints in Nordic organizations, Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 277-290.
DOI

Boyd, B.; Henning, N.; Reyna, E.; Wang, D. & Welch, M. (2009): Hybrid organizations: New business models for environmental leadership. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf.
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Hansen, E.; Große-Dunker, F. & Reichwald, R. (2009): Sustainability Innovation Cube – A Framework to Evaluate Sustainability-Oriented Innovations, International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 683-713.
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Johnson, M. & Suskewicz, J. (2009): How to jump-start the clean tech economy, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 87, No. 11, pp. 52-60.
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Loock, M. & Wüstenhagen, R. (2009): Understanding the Value of Business Models for Renewable Energy: Empirical Evidence from Choice Experiments with Investors, in: Energy, Policies and Technologies for Sustainable Economies, IAEE European Conference, Vienna, Austria, September 9, 2009. Cleveland, OH: International Association for Energy Economics.
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Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2009): Business Model Concepts in Corporate Sustainability Contexts: From Rhetoric to a Generic Template for “Business Models for Sustainability”. Lüneburg: Centre for Sustainability Management.
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2008

Charter, M.; Gray, C.; Clark, T. & Woolman, T. (2008): Review: The role of business in realising sustainable consumption and production, in: Tukker, A.; Charter, M.; Vezzoli, C.; Stø, E. & Andersen, M. (Eds.): Perspectives on radical changes to sustainable consumption and production. System Innovation for Sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf, pp. 46-69.
Link

Klein, M. (2008): Poverty alleviation through sustainable strategic business models. Essays on poverty alleviation as a business strategy. ERIM Ph.D. series research in management 135. Rotterdam: ERIM.
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Halme, M.; Anttonen, M. & Kuisma, M. (2008): Exploration of business models for material efficiency services, in: Wüstenhagen, R.; Hamschmidt, J.; Sharma, S. & Starik, M. (Eds.): Sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship. New perspectives in research on corporate sustainability. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 71-96.
Link

Stubbs, W. & Cocklin, C. (2008): Conceptualizing a ‘sustainability business model’, Organization & Environment, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 103-127.
DOI | PDF

Tukker, A.; Charter, M.; Vezzoli, C.; Stø, E. & Andersen, M. (Eds.) (2008): Perspectives on radical changes to sustainable consumption and production. System Innovation for Sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf.
Link

Wells, P. (2008): Alternative business models for a sustainable automotive industry, in: Tukker, A.; Charter, M.; Vezzoli, C.; Stø, E. & Andersen, M. (Eds.): Perspectives on radical changes to sustainable consumption and production. System Innovation for Sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf, pp. 80-98.
Link

Wüstenhagen, R. & Boehnke, J. (2008): Business models for sustainable energy, in: Tukker, A.; Charter, M.; Vezzoli, C.; Stø, E. & Andersen, M. (Eds.): Perspectives on radical changes to sustainable consumption and production. System Innovation for Sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf, pp. 70-79.
Link

2007

Halme, M.; Anttonen, M.; Kuisma, M.; Kontoniemi, N. & Heino, E. (2007): Business models for material efficiency services: Conceptualization and application, Ecological Economics, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 126-137.
DOI

Mair, J. & Schoen, O. (2007): Successful social entrepreneurial business models in the context of developing economies: An explorative study, International Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 54-68.
DOI | PDF (Working Paper Version)

Seelos, C. & Mair, J. (2007): Profitable business models and market creation in the context of deep poverty: A strategic view, Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 49-63.
DOI | PDF (Working Paper Version)

2006

Mont, A.; Dalhammar, C.; Jacobsson, N.: A new business model for baby prams based on leasing and product remanufacturing, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 14, No. 17, pp. 1509-1518.
DOI

Tukker, A. & Tischner, U. (Eds.) (2006): New business for old Europe. Product-service development, competitiveness and sustainability. Sheffield: Greenleaf.
Link | Review

2005

Mair, J. & Schoen, O. (2005): Social Entrepreneurial Business Models: An Exploratory Study. IESE Working Paper, No. 610. Barcelona: IESE Business School of Navarra.
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Seelos, C. & Mair, J. (2005): Sustainable Development: How Social Entrepreneurs Make it Happen. IESE Working Paper, No. 611. Barcelona: IESE Business School of Navarra.
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Seelos, C. & Mair, J. (2005): Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the poor, Business Horizons, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 241-246.
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Wells, P. & Seitz, M. (2005): Business models and closed-loop supply chains: a typology, Supply Chain Management – An International Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3-4, pp. 249-251.
DOI

2004

Seelos, C. & Mair, J. (2004): Entrepreneurs in Service of the Poor: Models for Business Contributions to Sustainable Development. IESE Working Paper, No. OP 04/16. Barcelona: IESE Business School of Navarra.
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Seelos, C. & Mair, J. (2004): Social Entrepreneurship – The Contribution of Individual Entrepreneurs to Sustainable Development. IESE Working Paper, No. 553. Barcelona: IESE Business School of Navarra.
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